Fig. 4

The global distribution and the average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) in age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs, per 100,000) of kidney cancer at the national level. (a ASR of kidney cancer in 2017; b ASR of kidney cancer in 2030; c AAPC of kidney cancer ASR between 1990 and 2017; d AAPC of kidney cancer ASR between 2018 and 2030)